Contents

1 Viera termite control

Viera termite control

Viera Termite Control: Your Local Expert

With over two decades of experience as a local owner-operator and termite expert, we deliver highly effective termite treatments to protect Viera homes.

Our personalized termite service provides:

Unmatched Protection: Up to $1,000,000 in termite damage coverage.
Proactive Prevention: Specialized pre-construction and preventative treatments.
Continuous Peace of Mind: Annual booster treatments, not just inspections.
Hassle-Free Transfer: Free service transfer to new homeowners.

Enjoy the ultimate peace of mind with expert termite control tailored for the Viera community. Get your instant, no-obligation price today using our easy online tool.

Viera sign with palm trees and landscaping — As a veteran owner-operator serving the Viera community, I understand the local termite threats. My service provides effective, tailored termite control solutions for your specific needs.

Termite Control Services for Viera, FL

My quick video highlights my personal commitment to protecting homes in Viera from devastating termite damage. See how I provide effective and reliable solutions to keep your property safe.

Serving the Space & Treasure Coasts for over 20 years!

Get an Instant Price for Viera Termite Control

No waiting, no sign-ups. Use our easy online slider to get an immediate, personalized estimate for subterranean termite treatment based on your home’s square footage.

➡️ Slide To Your Home’s Square Footage For Your Instant Estimate

See Why Viera Homeowners Trust Us

Our 5-star Google reviews speak for themselves. Discover what your Viera neighbors are saying about our expert termite control service and our commitment to a seamless customer experience.

A house in Viera, FL is getting inspected for Termites. Termites can infest even block and solid concrete houses by accessing cracks then attacking baseboards and eating furnishings.

Protecting your home from pests and termites since 2003.

https://321pest.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/New-Main-Slider1.gif

Diagram of a house showing where different types of termites are found: drywood in attics, dampwood in wet wood, and subterranean in the soil — Knowing where termites are found is the first step to protecting your home. Our booster treatments go beyond basic inspections to provide you with enhanced peace of mind, knowing your home is continuously defended against all termite threats.

Our Termite Control Services for Viera Homes

Subterranean Termite Treatment

Safeguard your investment with targeted treatment for subterranean termites, the most destructive termite species in Viera. Our proven method involves a strategic trench treatment around your home’s perimeter, creating an effective barrier to eliminate colonies and prevent future infestations.

Drywood Termite Control

Don’t let drywood termites compromise your home’s structure. We apply an advanced borate treatment to key areas like attic trusses and wall voids, proactively preventing and treating infestations that are common in older Viera homes.

Diagram showing the life cycle of a termite with stages like egg, nymph, worker, soldier, and queen — Understanding the termite life cycle is key to effective control. Our booster treatments provide ongoing peace of mind, protecting your home against all stages of termite development.

Ready to Protect Your Viera Home?

SCHEDULE YOUR TERMITE CONTROL SERVICE NOW

What Attracts Termites to Viera Homes?

Termites are drawn to moisture and wood. Here are key steps Viera homeowners can take to prevent infestations and make their homes less attractive to termites:

Wood-to-Ground Contact: Ensure all wooden structures are elevated and do not touch the soil.
Stucco and Foundation: Keep stucco above ground level and promptly repair any foundation cracks.
Landscaping: Avoid using untreated wood in landscaping and keep mulch, especially pine bark, away from your home’s foundation.
Moisture Control: Fix all plumbing and roof leaks immediately, and maintain proper drainage and downspout management.
Ventilation: Ensure crawl spaces and attics have adequate ventilation to reduce humidity.
Storage: Store firewood and other wood debris away from your home’s exterior.

How to Protect Your Viera Home from Termites

Taking proactive steps is the best way to prevent a termite infestation. Here’s what we, as your local Viera termite experts, recommend:

Annual Booster Treatments: Go beyond simple inspections with our annual booster treatment to maintain continuous protection.
Active Termite Agreement: Keep a valid termite agreement to stay covered for both drywood and subterranean termite threats.
Water Management: Address all drainage issues, including A/C drainage and roof leaks. Ensure gutters are installed and maintained to direct water away from the foundation.
Structural Maintenance: Promptly repair all plumbing issues and keep your eaves and soffits in good condition.
Strategic Landscaping: Avoid wood mulch near the house. Opt for alternative materials like rubber mulch or use termite-resistant options like cedar or melaleuca.

Proactive Termite Prevention for Florida Homes

Termites are a serious and costly problem for homeowners across Florida. They can cause extensive structural damage for years before being detected. The most effective way to protect your Viera home is with proactive, preventative treatment.

Protect your home with preventative termite treatment.

A detailed illustration of the termite life cycle and colony structure, including alates and reproductive stages — Our comprehensive termite control services target the entire termite colony, from eggs to swarmers, ensuring long-lasting protection for your property.

The Benefits of Preventive Termite Treatment

Investing in preventative termite control is the smartest way to protect your home. As a veteran owner-operator, I believe in providing peace of mind through proactive solutions, not just reactive fixes.

Protect Your Investment: Termite damage can cost thousands in repairs. Preventative treatment is the most effective way to safeguard your home’s structural integrity.
Maintain Home Value: A termite-free home retains its value and appeals to future buyers. Proactive treatment is a crucial part of home maintenance.
Avoid Infestations: Our booster treatments save you time, stress, and money by preventing infestations before they start.
Ultimate Peace of Mind: Rest easy knowing your Viera home is continuously protected from termites year after year.

Viera is home to drywood, subterranean, and dampwood termites. Dampwood termites, often found in trees, only infest homes with very wet wood, making the damp wood itself a bigger concern than the termites. — Just as The Avenues Viera is a hub for shopping, our company is a hub for reliable termite control, protecting homes and businesses throughout the Viera area.

Viera Termite Control Treatment Cost

Subterranean Termite Treatment Pricing

Our transparent pricing model makes it easy to estimate your cost instantly using our online tool.

Monolithic Slab (most common): $0.79 per square foot
Supported Slabs (stem wall or floating slab): $2.35 per square foot

To estimate your cost: Multiply your home’s square footage by the relevant rate.

Example: A 1,500 sq ft monolithic slab home would cost $1,185.

Note: Prices may vary based on infestation severity, home accessibility, and other factors.

For a precise quote, use our online slider or call our local expert at 321-704-0434.

Viera sign illuminated at night — As a local Viera resident, I am dedicated to protecting our beautiful community. As a veteran-owned business, we provide a thorough, expert-level termite control service that gives you peace of mind.

Drywood Termite Control Add-on

Enhance your protection with drywood termite control. Add it to your warranty for just $300 for the first 1,500 sq ft, plus $50 for each additional 500 sq ft. We apply a targeted borate treatment to your attic and eaves during your subterranean service.

The Avenues Viera splash pad on a sunny day — Your home should be a place of fun and relaxation, free from the worry of termites. We offer booster treatments that give you continuous protection, so you can enjoy your home without interruption.

How to Identify Your Home’s Slab Type

Most Florida homes, especially newer ones, are built on a monolithic slab, a single concrete foundation poured directly on the ground. This is the most common foundation type for Viera homes.

If you’re unsure about your slab type, contact us. As your local Viera termite expert, I’m happy to provide a free inspection to accurately assess your home.

Call 321-704-0434 for a free, no-obligation inspection.

Monolithic Slabs: The Foundation of Viera Homes

Monolithic slabs are the most common and reliable foundation for homes in Viera and across Florida.

They are poured as a single piece of concrete, making them incredibly durable and resistant to the area’s sandy soil and unique climate.

Their strength and cost-effectiveness make them the preferred standard for both builders and homeowners.

Supported Slab Termite Treatment

Supported slabs, which are foundations elevated by piers, beams, or blocks, are common for larger, heavier, or luxury Viera homes, especially along the coast.

Treating these slabs is more complex, requiring treatment on both sides of the foundation.

While the process is more intensive, it provides a comprehensive termite barrier for these unique homes.

Floating Foundation Termite Control

Floating foundations, a type of supported slab, are used in areas with poor or uneven soil, and are common for luxury Viera homes.

Because of their unique, detached design, they require a comprehensive termite treatment on both sides.

While this process is more involved than for monolithic slabs, it provides a complete and effective barrier against termites.

Identifying Your Slab Foundation

To determine your home’s foundation type:

Check for walls: If there’s a concrete wall around your home, it’s a stem wall.
Inspect the slab: If it’s directly on the ground, it’s a monolithic slab. If it’s supported by piers or beams, it’s a supported or floating slab.

USSSA Viera Stadium with a welcome sign and pro shop — Protecting Viera landmarks like USSSA Stadium from termites is our priority. As a veteran owner-operator, I provide customized termite control solutions for the Viera community.

Cities and Towns We Service:

Frequently Asked Questions: Termite Control Viera

General Viera Termite Control Questions

Yes, and the issue is growing due to the introduction of Formosan termites. Areas like Palm Bay, Suntree, and Viera, once swampland, now experience rising termite activity because of drying conditions and the prevalence of slash pines, a favorite food for subterranean termites.

Look for mud tubes, discarded wings in windows, and swarmers (flying termites).

Eastern subterranean termite nests are usually underground and hard to spot.

Formosan termites can also build above-ground nests called “cartons,” found in wall voids, attics, and hidden spaces. Formosan termite cartons are hard, ovoid structures made from a mixture of wood fragments, soil, saliva, and feces that resembles cardboard or a papier-mâché basketball.

No. We use EPA-approved termiticides for effective control. Dry-wood borate treatments use processed boron-based minerals, while products like Premise are synthetic insecticides.

An increase in mud tubes may signal a large colony targeting your home. Swarmers could indicate an undetected infestation or termites attracted by lights entering through open doors or windows.

Most of the time, yes. Swarming termites may enter from outside, but it often signals a termite issue.

Signs include mud tubes, frass (termite droppings), swarmers, or visible termites.

Look for mud streaks on drywall. Breaking a mud tube may reveal live termites repairing the breach.

You’ll see streaks or spots of mud and dirt.

Fire ants sometimes build mud tubes resembling termite activity, often near nests or areas affected by flooding.

Their favorite is slash pine but will feed on oak, maple, and other woods.

Eastern subterranean, Formosan, dry-wood, southern dry-wood, and damp-wood termites.

Rarely. They need continuously wet wood, which typically occurs only with severe moisture issues like roof leaks.

Yes, excessive moisture from irrigation can attract termites.

Yes. Too much moisture eliminates the need for termites to seek water and attracts other pests. Install a rain sensor to prevent overwatering.

Yes, a single colony can infest several homes simultaneously.

Yes, termites can enter through cracks and feed on baseboards, furniture, flooring, and structural wood like trusses.

Yes, they’ll feed on wood furnishings and baseboards.

Yes, termites can feed on paper currency.

Swarming occurs in spring and early summer, triggered by warm weather and rain. Eastern subterranean termites swarm from November to May, while Formosan termites swarm from March to June, usually at night.

Dry-wood termites swarm from May to September during warm, humid conditions.

Distinguishing between swarming termites and ants involves several key features. Termites have straight antennae, a wide waist, and two pairs of wings equal in size that are held flat against their bodies when at rest. In contrast, ants have elbowed antennae, a narrow waist, and two pairs of wings with the front pair being significantly larger than the hind pair. These differences in physical characteristics can help homeowners identify the presence of termites and take appropriate action to protect their property.

Carpenter Ants. Swarming Ant Versus Swarming Termite — Swarming Carpenter Ant (LEFT) Versus Swarming Termite (Right). Notice the difference in waist size between the two insects.

Gone are the days of relying solely on termite monitoring and bait stations. While they were once the primary method of termite control, advancements in technology have led to safer and more effective solutions.

Our expert termite control services utilize proven insecticides like fipronil and imidacloprid. These products create a protective barrier around your home, preventing termites from entering and causing damage.

Preparing your home for termite treatment can take some work. To ensure optimal results, please take the following steps:

Clear the area: Remove or relocate items from around the foundation of your home, such as flower pots, hoses, outdoor furniture, and any other objects that may be in the way of treatment application.
Trim back vegetation: Trim back any overhanging branches or shrubs that may touch the house. This will allow for better access to the foundation and prevent interference with the treatment process.
Prepare for potential drilling: If the treatment involves drilling holes in the foundation, you may need to move items away from the walls where drilling will occur.

We understand that preparing for treatment can be time-consuming. We are happy to assist you with moving some lighter items if needed. Please let us know if you require any assistance.

During the termite treatment process, there’s usually minimal disruption to your daily routine.

Interior Treatment First: To minimize the tracking of dirt into your home, we will typically begin with any interior treatments first.
Attic Treatment Priority: We’ll prioritize treating the attic early in the day to avoid excessive heat buildup.
Pet Supervision:
- Please be mindful of your pets during the treatment process.
- Occasionally, we may need to bring a hose inside or access areas that might require you to supervise your pets to ensure their safety.
- Please be prepared to assist in keeping your pets away from treatment areas.

Most importantly, please feel free to ask any questions you may have throughout the treatment process. We want to ensure your comfort and understanding during this time.

After the treatment is complete, there’s very little you need to do.

Allow Drying Time: Allow approximately 30 minutes for any treated areas to dry completely before allowing pets back into those areas.
Replace Items: You can begin replacing items such as knick-knacks and decorative objects.
Relax: That’s it! You can now relax and enjoy your termite-free home.

We will do our best to return all items to their original positions, including flower pots and outdoor decorations. If you need assistance moving any heavier items back into place, please don’t hesitate to ask.

It’s important to note that occasional swarming after a termite treatment can occur, especially if there was a significant infestation prior to treatment.

Swarming After Treatment: Swarming after treatment is often a natural response from a dying termite colony. When termites sense their colony is under threat (like after a treatment), they may engage in a final effort to reproduce.
Treatment Impact: If we used Termidor, you should expect swarming to subside within 2 weeks. If Premise was used, swarming should cease within approximately 1 month.
Potential Causes: Continued swarming after this timeframe might indicate:
- Untreated Areas: There could be untreated areas, such as hidden cracks in the slab, under a wall, under tile or laminate, or beneath a shower pan.
- Moisture Sources: Termites require moisture to survive. Persistent swarming could suggest a moisture source, such as a leaking roof, a leaking shower drain, or an improperly draining A/C unit. Termites can even maintain a colony within wet insulation, avoiding contact with the treated soil.
Don’t Worry: If you notice continued swarming after the expected timeframe, please don’t hesitate to contact us. I have over 20 years of experience in termite control and have encountered many various termite scenarios. I will thoroughly investigate the situation and determine the cause of the continued swarming activity.

Those green discs are likely bait stations used for termite monitoring and control. They typically contain a small piece of wood that termites may feed on.

How they work: If termites are present, they will enter the station and consume the wood. During routine inspections (usually quarterly), your termite control technician will check the wood for signs of termite activity. If termites are found, the wood is replaced with a bait that the termites will consume and then carry back to the colony, effectively eliminating the infestation.
Note: These stations were a common method of termite control before the development of more modern soil treatments like Premise and Termidore. While still sometimes used for specific situations, modern soil treatments are generally more effective and preferred for preventative termite control.
Removal: We offer free removal of these older bait stations upon request during your service.

What is this green disk in the ground around my house? — A photo of an old termite monitoring station.

While termite treatments can sometimes eliminate carpenter ants, especially if the ants are nesting within the treated area, it’s not guaranteed. Carpenter ants often nest in areas outside the home, such as trees or wood piles, including the many cabbage palms common on Merritt Island. If the ants are primarily nesting in these external locations, a termite treatment may not be sufficient to eradicate them. However, if the carpenter ant infestation is within the home’s structure, particularly in areas damaged by termites, a termite treatment may help control the ant problem as well.

If you suspect you have a carpenter ant problem, let us know so we can address both issues at the same time.

Termite infestations can create an environment that is very attractive to ant species. Here’s why:

Damaged Wood: Termite damage weakens and deteriorates wood, creating ideal nesting sites for other types of ants.
Food Source: Termites themselves can become a food source for certain ants, particularly carpenter ants.
Swarm Activity: Carpenter ants are known to “anticipate” termite swarms. When a termite colony is preparing to swarm, carpenter ants may appear in large numbers, waiting to feast on the emerging winged termites.

Other ant species commonly found in association with termite infestations include:

Fire ants: These aggressive ants may be drawn to the weakened wood and the presence of other insects attracted to the termite damage.
Ghost ants: These tiny, fast-moving ants are well-adapted to living in the crevices and tunnels created by termites.
Argentine ants: These highly adaptable ants can thrive in a variety of environments, including those disturbed by termite activity.

No, termites do not kill living trees.

Termites only eat dead wood, with decaying wood being their preferred food source. If a tree falls and you find termites, they are consuming the dead portions of the tree. They may have even been present before the tree fell, feeding on existing dead wood within the tree. However, termites play no role in the death of a healthy, living tree.

Factors such as fungal diseases (rot), storm damage, age, nutrition deficiencies, lightning/other damage, or pest issues are responsible.

Yes, we do. While termites primarily infest dead wood, we can treat trees for damp wood termites, which can sometimes colonize living trees. This treatment can also help reduce local populations of other termite species, such as Eastern Subterranean and Formosan termites.

In addition to termite control, we also offer tree and plant spraying services to manage a variety of other insects, including scale and other pests that can attract ants. We frequently treat palm trees to control ant infestations, including common species like Carpenter ants, Argentine ants, White-footed ants, and Ghost ants.

We typically schedule these applications for mornings when wind conditions are generally calmer to ensure effective treatment.

No, termite protection is the homeowner’s responsibility.

The homeowner is responsible for paying for termite treatment.

Yes, both drywood and subterranean termites can infest manufactured homes.

We offer treatments to protect against subterranean termites. For drywood termites, maintain the vapor barrier and inspect it regularly to prevent access to the structural wood.

Yes, a proper termite treatment can provide permanent prevention.

Yes, termites are active throughout Florida.

Yes, termites are a significant concern in Florida, and a warranty is highly recommended.

Yes, termites can build mud tubes inside cinder blocks and feed on roof trusses undetected.

Viera Termite Prevention

Schedule preventative treatments and avoid conditions that attract termites, like excessive moisture or untreated wood near your home.

Check for mud tubes or the source of swarmers.

Professional termite treatments and maintaining a termite-unfriendly environment.

Treatments involve applying termiticides to wood or soil around the home to create a protective barrier.

We typically use the “trench and treat” method, which involves applying non-repellent termiticides like Termidor or Premise to the soil around your foundation. This eliminates termites and protects your home.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to controlling pests by combining multiple strategies to minimize risks to people, property, and the environment. It focuses on understanding pest behavior, monitoring activity, and using targeted methods like cultural, biological, and chemical controls to achieve long-term solutions.

Our termite control services integrate IPM by addressing conducive conditions that attract termites. We recommend reducing moisture around your home, fixing plumbing leaks, ensuring proper drainage, and keeping A/C runoff directed away from the foundation. We also advise removing wood piles, stumps, and mulch near your home, sealing cracks in the slab, and maintaining soffits to block entry points. These steps, combined with effective treatments, create a less inviting environment for termites, naturally reducing the risk of infestation.

DIY vs. Professional Termite Treatment

Yes, professional-grade products are available online, and hardware stores sell less potent options.

Yes, if you carefully follow instructions using effective products like Termidor or Premise.

It can work, but professional treatments ensure complete protection.

Yes, but spot treatments are temporary and leave the rest of your home vulnerable.

We use borate treatments or tenting for dry-wood termites and soil treatments for subterranean termites.

Viera Termite Treatment Pricing and Frequency

Preconstruction: $0.79 per square foot.
Post-construction on monolithic slabs: $0.79 per square foot.
Post-construction on floating/slab walls: $2.35 per square foot.

They require extra labor, such as trenching, drilling, and rodding, to ensure complete coverage.

Yes, they cover all labor and materials.

Yes, we provide warranties, including re-treatment and repair guarantees up to $1,000,000.

Every five years.

Annually.

Signs and Urgency of Termite Issues

Call us for a free inspection and estimate.

Yes, if you see a worker or soldier termite. Swarmers may simply indicate they entered from outside.

For large subterranean colonies, act quickly, as they can cause significant damage. Dry-wood termites are slower to cause harm.

Termite Damage

No, termite damage is not covered by homeowners insurance. Protecting your home from termites is the homeowner’s responsibility.

Yes, if you fully understand the extent of the damage and are prepared to handle the repairs. Uncertainty about the damage can make it a riskier decision.

It depends on the severity of the damage and your willingness to invest in repairs and treatment.

Yes, most homes can be saved if the damage isn’t too severe.

Yes, minor termite damage can often be repaired by homeowners.

Yes, treating termites around a shower drain requires removing the shower pan.

Subterranean termite damage often appears as hollowed wood with intact surfaces, filled with mud and termite waste. Signs include mud tubes, discarded wings, and hollow sounds when tapping wood.

Drywood termites create smooth, clean tunnels across the wood grain. Their droppings, called frass, resemble tiny pellets and accumulate near kick-out holes. Infested wood may sound hollow or show surface cracks.

Termite Behavior and Lifecycle in Viera

Termites are active year-round in Viera due to the warm climate.

This depends on the colony’s size, but significant damage can occur over a few years.

They remain until the food source is gone, often causing significant damage over time.

Yes, termites may stop feeding if they find a more suitable food source or their nutritional needs change.

Home Buying and Termites

Yes, but they typically require proof of termite treatment before closing.

Yes, preventive treatments are a positive sign unless applied due to a severe infestation.

Yes, we offer W.D.O. reports for home purchases for $250.00 or free with termite treatment.

Look for stickers on the breaker box or attic trusses indicating past treatments.

Yes, a termite inspection helps identify potential issues before purchase.

Yes, it costs $50.00 to transfer the termite agreement to the new homeowner.

Yes, but expect the home’s value to decrease as a result.

We will provide an estimate for the necessary treatment.

Yes, termites can infest new homes if preventive measures aren’t taken.

Yes, but an inspection is typically required if the buyer is financing. A bond is also a good idea since termite damage can be hard to spot.

Maintenance After Termite Treatment

Eliminate conducive conditions, schedule annual inspections, and maintain an active termite barrier.

Every five years.

We perform annual inspections.

Renewals start at $265 per year, with pricing based on square footage, slab type, and risk factors.

No, your agreement will expire automatically if you don’t renew.

Yes, in most cases. A late fee may apply depending on the situation.

Termite Species in Viera

Subterranean and drywood termites.

Yes, subterranean termites need soil treatments, while drywood termites often require borate treatments or tenting.

Subterranean termites need moisture and build large colonies, while drywood termites thrive in dry wood and form smaller colonies.

Conducive Conditions for Termite Infestations

Yes, decaying stumps provide an ideal habitat for termites. Remove or grind stumps near your home.

Yes, improper drainage creates moisture that attracts termites. Use a splash block to direct water away from your home.

Use a splash block to move air conditioner water away from the foundation of your home.

Stucco below grade lets termites enter undetected. Ensure stucco ends at least six inches above soil level.

Pine bark mulch attracts termites. Choose eucalyptus or cypress mulch instead.

Pine bark next to the home is a condusive condition you want to avoid. Pine bark is a preferred food of subterranean termites.

Sealing gaps in soffits blocks swarming termites from entering attics. Preventing dry-wood termites from entering your attic in the first place is the best dry-wood termite prevention.

Yes, leaks create damp wood that attracts termites. Repair leaks promptly.

Yes, cracks allow termites to bypass barriers. Seal cracks to prevent entry.

Preconstruction Termite Treatments

Yes, preconstruction treatments create a protective barrier and provide long-term protection.

Before pouring the foundation and during key construction phases.

Soil treatments, baiting systems, and borate wood treatments.

Contact a pest control professional for inspection and post-construction treatments.

Yes, when properly applied.

Yes, soil treatments are sealed under slabs, and borates are natural and safe when used correctly.

Borate treatments are $0.59 per square foot. Whole home borate treatments are $0.79 per square foot. Soil treatments are $0.79 per square foot.

You can treat the soil before construction or apply a borate treatment to the wood during construction.

Pre-construction termite treatments are guaranteed for five years. Soil treatments may last slightly longer, while borate treatments protect the wood for its entire lifespan.

If you choose a soil treatment, yes.

Borate treatments protect the wood as long as it remains free from excessive moisture.

Yes, most building codes require pre-construction termite treatment for new structures.

Yes, if no pre-construction treatment is done. Drywood termites may also come in with the lumber used for construction.

A borate treatment at the “dry-in” stage provides the most comprehensive and long-lasting protection.

Borate treatment (4 feet up the walls): $0.59 per square foot.
Full wood treatment: $0.79 per square foot.
Soil treatment: $0.79 per square foot.

Yes, they can be.

We treat the wood with a borate product.

A borate treatment is the best option as it lasts for the life of the wood.

Not directly. They usually hire a pest control company for this.

Yes, termite protection is highly recommended.

A happy Viera, FL woman in a termite free kitchen

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IG097